[php-src] Issue #10695: set_exception_handler must catch exceptions also when in shutdown

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/10695 Author: mvorisek ### Description The following code: <details> <summary>click to expand</summary> ```php <?php set_exception_handler(function (\Throwable $exception) { echo 'Caught: ' . $exception->getMessage() . "\n"; }); set_error_handler(static function (int $severity, string $msg, string $file, int $line): bool { if ((error_reporting() & ~(\PHP_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8 ? 4437 : 0)) === 0) { return false; } echo 'Caught error: ' . $msg . "\n"; return true; }); register_shutdown_function(function () { trigger_error('warn_shutdown_1', \E_USER_WARNING); }); register_shutdown_function(function () { trigger_error('warn_shutdown_2', \E_USER_WARNING); }); register_shutdown_function(function () { throw new \Exception('ex_shutdown_1'); }); register_shutdown_function(function () { // expected to be never executed as after 1 uncaught exception php invokes shutdown, // after 1 uncaught exception in shutdown, php terminates throw new \Exception('ex_shutdown_2'); }); trigger_error('warn_regular_1', \E_USER_WARNING); trigger_error('warn_regular_2', \E_USER_WARNING); throw new \Exception('ex_regular'); ``` </details> https://3v4l.org/lXRcY Resulted in this output: ``` Caught error: warn_regular_1 Caught error: warn_regular_2 Caught: ex_regular Caught error: warn_shutdown_1 Caught error: warn_shutdown_2 Fatal error: Uncaught Exception: ex_shutdown_1 in /in/lXRcY:24 Stack trace: #0 [internal function]: {closure}() #1 {main} thrown in /in/lXRcY on line 24 ``` But I expected this output instead: ``` Caught error: warn_regular_1 Caught error: warn_regular_2 Caught: ex_regular Caught error: warn_shutdown_1 Caught error: warn_shutdown_2 Caught: ex_shutdown_1 ``` restore_error_handler is working in shutdown, set_exception_handler must work too ### PHP Version any ### Operating System any