cvs: phpdoc /he/language control-structures.xml
| From: | shlomi loubaton | Date: | Sat, 26 Jan 2002 15:49:38 +0000 |
| Subject: | cvs: phpdoc /he/language control-structures.xml | ||
| Groups: | php.doc | ||
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shlomi Sat Jan 26 10:49:38 2002 EDT
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Index: phpdoc/he/language/control-structures.xml +++ phpdoc/he/language/control-structures.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-8-i"?> <!-- $Revision: 1.1 $ --> <chapter id="control-structures"> <title>îáðé-á÷øä</title> <simpara> ëì ñ÷øéôè PHP áðåé îøöó ùì ô÷åãåú. ô÷åãä éëåìä ìäéåú ô÷åãú äöáä, ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä, ìåìàä, äúðééä àå àôéìå ô÷åãä ùìà òùä ãáø (äëøæä øé÷ä). ô÷åãåú îñúééîåú áãê-ëìì áñîé÷åìåï ';'. áðåñó, ðéúï ìàâã ÷áåöä ùì ô÷åãåú ìáìå÷ ùì ô÷åãåú áòæøú ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí åëê ÷áåöú ô÷åãåú éëåìä ìäçùá ëô÷åãä àçú. áôø÷ æä îúåàøéí ñåâé ô÷åãåú ùåðéí. </simpara> <sect1 id="control-structures.if"> <title><literal>if</literal></title> <para> îáðä ô÷åãú ä- <literal>if</literal> äåà àçã äîáðéí äçùåáéí áéåúø áäøáä ùôåú úëðåú ìøáåú PHP. ô÷åãä æå îàôùøú äúðééä ùì øéöú çì÷é ÷åã. îáðä ô÷åãú <literal>if</literal> á- PHP ãåîä ìîáðä if áùôú C: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ if (expr) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ëîúåàø áñòéó òì <link linkend="language.expressions">áéèåééí</link>, <replaceable>expr</replaceable> îåòøê ìòøëå äáåìàðé. àí <replaceable>expr</replaceable> îåòøê ë- &true;, PHP úáöò àú <replaceable>statement</replaceable>, åàí äáéèåé îåòøê ë- &true;, ìà úúáöò àó ô÷åãä. îéãò ðåñó áðåùà - àéìå òøëéí îúàéîéí ìòøê ä &false; ðéúï ìîöåà áñòéó <link linkend="language.types.boolean.casting">'äîøä ìòøê áåìàðé'</link>. </simpara> <para> äãåâîä äáàä úãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b </computeroutput> àí <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì î- <replaceable>$b</replaceable>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) print "a is bigger than b"; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ìòéúéí úäéå îòåðééðéí áäøöú îñôø ô÷åãåú áúðàé îñåééí. ëîåáï, àéï öåøê ìäúðåú ëì ô÷åãä áðôøã áîùôè <literal>if</literal>. àôùø ôùåè ìéöåø ÷áåöú ô÷åãåú. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput> àí <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì î- <replaceable>$b</replaceable>, åéöéá òøëå ùì <replaceable>$a</replaceable> ìúåê äîùúðä <replaceable>$b</replaceable>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; $b = $a; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äúðéä æå éëåìä ìäéåú î÷åððú áúåê îùôèé <literal>if</literal> àçøéí. ãáø äîàôùø âîéùåú øáä áäúðééú çì÷é äúåëðä ùìëí. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.else"> <title><literal>else</literal></title> <para> ìòéúéí úøöä ìäøéõ ô÷åãä àí úðàé îú÷ééí åìäøéõ ô÷åãä àçøú àí ìà. ìùí æä ÷ééí ä <literal>else</literal>. <literal>else</literal> îøçéá îùôèé <literal>if</literal> ëãé ìáöò äøöä ùì ô÷åãåú áî÷øä ùòøëå ùì äáéèåé áîùôè <literal>if</literal> îúàéí ìòøê ä &false;. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput> àí òøëå ùì <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì îòøëå ùì <replaceable>$b</replaceable>, àå éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is NOT bigger than b</computeroutput> áëì î÷øä àçø: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; } else { print "a is NOT bigger than b"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> ô÷åãú ä- <literal>else</literal> úáåöò àê åø÷ àí áéèåé ä- <literal>if</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì- &false;, åàí îãåáø ááéèåé <literal>elseif</literal> âí ëï. (øàä á <link linkend="control-structures.elseif">elseif</link>). </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.elseif"> <title><literal>elseif</literal></title> <para> <literal>elseif</literal>, ëôé ùùîä îøîæ, äéà ùéìåá áéï <literal>if</literal> ìáéï <literal>else</literal>. äéà îøçéáä àú îùôè ä <literal>if</literal> ëãé ìàôùø áéöåò ôòåìåú àçøåú áî÷øä ùäáéèåé á <literal>if</literal> äî÷åøé ùååä áòøëå ì &false;. àåìí, ääáãì áéï ô÷åãä æå ìô÷åãú <literal>else</literal> øâéìä, ù÷áåöú äô÷åãåú úúáöò àê åø÷ àí úðàé ä <literal>elseif</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì &true;. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>a equal to b</computeroutput> àå <computeroutput>a is smaller than b</computeroutput>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; } elseif ($a == $b) { print "a is equal to b"; } else { print "a is smaller than b"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ô÷åãú ä-<literal>elseif</literal> éëåìä ìäåôéò îñôø ôòîéí áîùôè áàåúå îùôè <literal>if</literal>. ä-<literal>elseif</literal> äøàùåï ùòøëå éúàéí ì-&true; (àí ÷ééí ëæä), éøåõ. áúçáéø ùì PHP àúä éëåì ìëúåá âí 'else if' (áùúé îéìéí) àå 'elseif' (áîéìä àçú) åäîùîòåú úäéä æää. àîðí äîùîòåú äñéðè÷èéú ùåðä áî÷öú àê ääúðäâåú ùì ùúé äöåøåú æää ìâîøé. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú ä-<literal>elseif</literal> úáåöò ø÷ àí òøëé äáéèåééí áîùôèé ä-<literal>if</literal> åä-<literal>elseif</literal> ù÷ãîå ìä ùåéí áòøëí ì-&false; åòøëå ùì áéèåé ä-<literal>elseif</literal> äðåëçé ùååä ì-&true;. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.alternative-syntax"> <title>úçáéø àìèøðèéáé ìîáðé-á÷øä</title> <para> PHP îöéòä úçáéø çìåôé ìîñôø îáðé-á÷øä ëâåï <literal>if</literal>, <literal>while</literal>, <literal>for</literal>, <literal>foreach</literal>, å-<literal>switch</literal>. äúçáéø äçìåôé îúáèà áô÷åãä ôåúçú áùéîåù áð÷åãåúééí (:) áî÷åí ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí åáô÷åãä ùñåâøú àú äîáðä ëâåï:<literal>endif;</literal>, <literal>endwhile;</literal>,<literal>endfor;</literal>, <literal>endforeach;</literal>, àå <literal>endswitch;</literal>. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php if ($a == 5): ?> A is equal to 5 <?php endif; ?> ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áãåâîä è÷ñè ä-HTML î÷åððï áîùôè <literal>if</literal> äëúåá áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé. äè÷ñè éåöâ ø÷ àí òøëå ùì $a ùååä 5. </simpara> <para> áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé îúàéí ì-<literal>else</literal> åì-<literal>elseif</literal> âí ëï. áãåâîä äáàä îåôéò îùôè <literal>if</literal> òí <literal>elseif</literal> åòí <literal>else</literal> áúçáéø àìèøðèéáé: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a == 5): print "a equals 5"; print "..."; elseif ($a == 6): print "a equals 6"; print "!!!"; else: print "a is neither 5 nor 6"; endif; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ìãåâîàåú ðåñôåú, øàä âí áôø÷éí òì <link linkend="control-structures.while">while</link>, <link linkend="control-structures.for">for</link>, å-<link linkend="control-structures.if">if</link>. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.while"> <title><literal>while</literal></title> <para> ìåìàåú <literal>while</literal> äï äìåìàåú äôùåèåú áéåúø á-PHP. äï îúðäâåú áöåøä æää ìî÷áéìåúéäï áùôú C. äöåøä äáñéñéú ùì ìåìàú <literal>while</literal> äéà: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ while (expr) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äîùîòåú ùì ìåìàú <literal>while</literal> äéà ôùåèä. äéà ôå÷ãú òì PHP ìáöò àú äô÷åãåú ùäéà îëéìä ëì òåã áéèåé ä-<literal>while</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì-&true;. òøëå ùì äáéèåé ðáã÷ îçãù áëì ôòí áúçéìú äìåìàä, ëê ùàí îùúðä òøëå ùì äáéèåé áîäìê äìåìàä, äéà ìà úéòöø òã ùúñééí àú äàéèøöéä äðåëçéú (ëì ôòí ù-PHP îøéöä àú ëì äô÷åãåú ùáìåìàä ð÷øàú àéèøöéä). ëàùø òøê äáéèåé ùì ìåìàú ä-<literal>while</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì-&false; îìëúçéìä, äô÷åãåú ùáúåê äìåìàä ìà éåøöå àôéìå ôòí àçú. </simpara> <para> áãåîä ìô÷åãú ä-<literal>if</literal>, ðéúï ìàâã îñôø ô÷åãåú ìáìå÷ àçã áìåìàú <literal>while</literal> àçú áòæøú ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí àå úåê ùéîåù áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ while (expr): statement ... endwhile; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äãåâîàåú äáàåú æäåú åùúéäï éöéâå îñôøéí áéï 1 ì-10: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* example 1 */ $i = 1; while ($i <= 10) { print $i++; /* the printed value would be $i before the increment (post-increment) */ } /* example 2 */ $i = 1; while ($i <= 10): print $i; $i++; endwhile; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.do.while"> <title><literal>do..while</literal></title> <simpara> ìåìàåú <literal>do..while</literal> æäåú áîéãä øáä ììåìàåú <literal>while</literal>, ìîòè áãé÷ú äáéèåé áñåó ëì àéèøöéä áî÷åí áéöåò äáãé÷ä áäúçìä. ääáãì äòé÷øé áäúðäâåú ùì ìåìàåú àìå äåà ùáìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal>, ÷åã äìåìàä éøåõ ìôçåú ôòí àçú (ëé äúðàé ðáã÷ áñåó äøéöä) áòåã ùáìåìàú <literal>while</literal> øâéìä (ùáä äúðàé ðáã÷ áúçéìú äìåìàä), éúëï îöá áå ä÷åã ìà éåøõ áëìì. (àí òøëå ääúçìúé ùì äáéèåé ùååä ì-&false;, äìåìàä úéôñ÷ îéã.) </simpara> <para> ììåìàåú <literal>do..while</literal> éù öåøú úçáéø àçú áìáã: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ $i = 0; do { print $i; } while ($i>0); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ìåìàä æå úåøõ ôòí àçú áãéå÷, îàçø åîééã àçøé äàéèøöéä äøàùåðä, òøëå ùì äáéèåé ùååä ì-&false; (òøëå ùì $i àéðå âãåì î-0) åøéöú äìåìàä úôñ÷. </simpara> <para> úëðúé C îú÷ãîéí îëéøéí àú äùéîåùéí äùåðéí áìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal> ìöøëé òöéøú äøöä áàîöò áìå÷éí ùì ÷åã òì-éãé ùéîåù áìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal> åùéîåù á ô÷åãú<link linkend="control-structures.break"><literal>break</literal></link>. ä÷åã äáà îãâéí æàú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ do { if ($i < 5) { print "i is not big enough"; break; } $i *= $factor; if ($i < $minimum_limit) { break; } print "i is ok"; ...process i... } while(0); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> àì ãàâä àí ðåùà æä ðøàä îñåáê åìà îåáï. ðéúï ìëúåá ñ÷øéôèéí çæ÷éí âí ììà ùéîåù áúëåðä æå. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.for"> <title><literal>for</literal></title> <para> ìåìàåú <literal>for</literal> äï äìåìàåú äëé îåøëáåú á-PHP. äï ãåîåú ìî÷áéìåúéäï áùôú C. äúçáéø ùì ìåìàú <literal>for</literal> äåà: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äáéèåé äøàùåï (<replaceable>expr1</replaceable>) îåòøê (îåøõ) ôòí àçú áìáã åììà úðàéí áúçéìú äìåìàä. </simpara> <simpara> áúçéìú ëì àéèøöéä <replaceable>expr2</replaceable> îåòøê. àí òøëå ùååä ì-&true;, äìåìàä úîùéê åäô÷åãåú ùáìåìàä éåôòìå. àí äáéèåé îåòøê ì-&false;, äìåìàä îñúééîú. </simpara> <simpara> áúçéìú ëì àéèøöéä îåøõ äáéèåé <replaceable>expr3</replaceable>. </simpara> <simpara> ëì àçã îäáéèåééí éëåì ìäéåú âí áéèåé øé÷ (çñø). ëàùø <replaceable>expr2</replaceable> øé÷, äìåìàä úøåõ ìòã ( PHP îçùéáä àåúå ëáéèåé øé÷ ëîå áùôú C ). òåáãä æå àéðä çñøú úåòìú ìçìåèéï äéåú åðéúï ìòöåø ìåìàä àéðñåôéú ëæå áòæøú ô÷åãú <link linkend="control-structures.break"><literal>break</literal></link> îåúðéú áî÷åí ääîúðä ìáéèåé ùòøëå &false;. </simpara> <para> äãåâîàåú äáàåú îöéâåú àú äîñôøéí áéï 1 ì-10: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* example 1 */ for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { print $i; } /* example 2 */ for ($i = 1;;$i++) { if ($i > 10) { break; } print $i; } /* example 3 */ $i = 1; for (;;) { if ($i > 10) { break; } print $i; $i++; } /* example 4 */ for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; print $i, $i++); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ëîåáï ùäãåâîä äøàùåðä äëé îñáøú àú äòéï (àå àåìé áòöí äãåâîä äøáéòéú), àáì ðéúï ìäáéï îãåâîàåú àìå ùáéèåé øé÷ áìåìàú <literal>for</literal> éëåì ìäéåú ùéîåùé áîöáéí øáéí. </simpara> <para> PHP úåîëú âí áúçáéø äð÷åãåúééí äàìèøðèéáé áìåìàåú <literal>for</literal>: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ for (expr1; expr2; expr3): statement; ...; endfor; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> áùôåú ùåðåú ÷ééîú ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ùøöåú ìàåøê îòøê. á-PHP 3 ìà ÷ééîú ô÷åãä ëæå. á-PHP 4 ÷ééîú ô÷åãä æå (øàä <link linkend="control-structures.foreach">foreach</link> ìîéãò ðåñó). á-PHP 3 ðéúï ìáöò ãáø ãåîä òì-éãé ùéîåù áìåìàú <link linkend="control-structures.while">while </link> åäôåð÷öéåú <function>list</function> å-<function>each</function>. ðéúï ìîöåà ãåâîàåú áúéòåã ùì ôåð÷öéåú àìå. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.foreach"> <title><literal>foreach</literal></title> <para> PHP ëåììú àú ô÷åãú <literal>foreach</literal> îâøñä 4 áìáã. áãåîä ìôøì åùôåú àçøåú, ðéúï áòæøú ô÷åãä æå ìáöò áôùèåú àéèøöéåú òì îòøê. ÷ééîéí ìô÷åãä ùðé ñåâé úçáéø. äùðé îäååä äøçáä çùåáä ìøàùåï: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ foreach(array_expression as $value) statement foreach(array_expression as $key => $value) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áöåøä äøàùåðä äìåìàä øöä ìàåøëå ùì äîòøê <literal>array_expression</literal>. áëì àéèøöéä òøëå ùì úà îäîòøê îåöá áîùúðä <literal>$value</literal> åòøëå ùì îöáéò ôðéîé ìîòøê î÷åãí ìàáø äáà (ëê ùáìåìàä äáàä ú÷áì àú òøëå ùì äàáø äáà). </simpara> <simpara> äöåøä äùðééä îáöòú àú àåúä äôòåìä, àê òøê äîôúç ùì äàéáø äðåëçé îåöá áîùúðä <literal>$key</literal> áëì àéèøöéä (òøê äîôúç äåà îñôø àå îçøåæú ùîöééðéí àú ùîå àå îé÷åîå ùì àéáø îñåééí áîòøê). </simpara> <para> <note> <para> ëàùø îúçéì áéöåò ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal>, òøëå ùì äîöáéò äôðéîé îàåúçì ìàáø äøàùåï áîòøê. ëìåîø, àéï öåøê ìáöò ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä <function>reset</function> ìôðé ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal>. </para> </note> </para> <para> <note> <para> ùéí ìá âí ìëê ùìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ôåòìú òì ùéëôåì ùì äîòøê äîñåééí åìà òì äîòøê òöîå åìëï òøëå ùì îöáéò äîòøê àéðå îùúðä ëîå áô÷åãú <function>each</function>. </para> </note> </para> <note> <para> ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ìà úåîëú áäù÷èú äåøàåú ùâéàä áòæøú '@'. </para> </note> <para> äìåìàåú äáàåú æäåú îáçéðä ôåð÷öéåðàìéú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ reset ($arr); while (list(, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; } foreach ($arr as $value) { echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> âí äãåâîàåú äáàåú æäåú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ reset ($arr); while (list($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; } foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äðä ãåâîàåú ðåñôú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* foreach example 1: value only */ $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); foreach ($a as $v) { print "Current value of \$a: $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 2: value (with key printed for illustration) */ $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); $i = 0; /* for illustrative purposes only */ foreach($a as $v) { print "\$a[$i] => $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 3: key and value */ $a = array ( "one" => 1, "two" => 2, "three" => 3, "seventeen" => 17 ); foreach($a as $k => $v) { print "\$a[$k] => $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 4: multi-dimensional arrays */ $a[0][0] = "a"; $a[0][1] = "b"; $a[1][0] = "y"; $a[1][1] = "z"; foreach($a as $v1) { foreach ($v1 as $v2) { print "$v2\n"; } } /* foreach example 5: dynamic arrays */ foreach(array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) as $v) { print "$v\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.break"> <title><literal>break</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> úâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì îáðä äá÷øä äðåëçé îñåâ <literal>for</literal>, <literal>foreach</literal> <literal>while</literal>, <literal>do..while</literal> àå <literal>switch</literal>. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> éëåìä ì÷áì âí ðúåï îñôøé ùîöééï àú îñôø îáðé äá÷øä äî÷åððéí ùáøöåððå "ìùáåø". </simpara> <para> <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ $arr = array ('one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'stop', 'five'); while (list (, $val) = each ($arr)) { if ($val == 'stop') { break; /* You could also write 'break 1;' here. */ } echo "$val<br>\n"; } /* Using the optional argument. */ $i = 0; while (++$i) { switch ($i) { case 5: echo "At 5<br>\n"; break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */ case 10: echo "At 10; quitting<br>\n"; break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */ default: break; } } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.continue"> <title><literal>continue</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>continue</literal> îùîùú áîáðéí ùì ìåìàåú ëãé ìãìâ òì éúø äàéèøöéä äðåëçéú áìåìàä åìäúçéì áäøöú äàéèøöéä äáàä. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>continue</literal> î÷áìú ðúåï îñôøé àåôöéåðìé ùîöééï àú îñôø äøîåú ùì ìåìàåú î÷åððåú ùöøéê ìãìâ ìñåôï. </simpara> <para> <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ while (list ($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { if (!($key % 2)) { // skip odd members continue; } do_something_odd ($value); } $i = 0; while ($i++ < 5) { echo "Outer<br>\n"; while (1) { echo " Middle<br>\n"; while (1) { echo " Inner<br>\n"; continue 3; } echo "This never gets output.<br>\n"; } echo "Neither does this.<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.switch"> <title><literal>switch</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> î÷áéìä ìñéãøä ùì ô÷åãåú IF áàåúå áéèåé. áî÷øéí áäí ðøöä ìäùååú àú òøëå ùì îùúðä îñåééí (àå áéèåé) ìòøëí ùì òøëéí øáéí åìáöò ôòåìåú îñåééîåú äîúàéîåú ìòøê îñåééí ùì äîùúðä. æäå áãéå÷ äîöá áå ðîöà ùéîåù ìô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal>. </simpara> <para> áùúé äãåâîàåú äáàåú îåöâåú ùúé ãøëéí ìáéöåò îùéîä æää. äøàùåðä úåê ùéîåù áñãøú îùôèé <literal>if</literal> åäùðééä úåê ùéîåù áô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($i == 0) { print "i equals 0"; } if ($i == 1) { print "i equals 1"; } if ($i == 2) { print "i equals 2"; } switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> çùåá ìäáéï àéê ô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> ôåòìú ëãé ìäîäò îèòéåú. ô÷åãú ä-<literal>switch</literal> úáöò ëì ô÷åãä ùúîöà áúåëä áöåøä äøâéìä ø÷ àí úîöà ô÷åãú <literal>case</literal> òí òøê áùååä áòøëå ìòøê ä-<literal>switch</literal>, úçì PHP áäøöú ä÷åã. òã ñåó áìå÷ ä-<literal>switch</literal> àå ô÷åãú ä-<literal>break</literal> äøàùåðä. àí ìà ðåñéó ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> áñåôå ùì îùôè <literal>case</literal> àæ PHP úîùéê áäøöú îùôèé ä-<literal>case</literal> äáàéí. ìãåâîä: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; case 1: print "i equals 1"; case 2: print "i equals 2"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áãåâîä æå, àí òøëå ùì $i ùååä ì-0 ,úúáöò äøöä ùì ëì ô÷åãåú ä-print ! àí òøëå ùååä ì-1 úúáöò äøöä ùì ùúé äô÷åãåú äàçøåðåú åàí òøëå éäéä ùååä ì-2 úøåõ ø÷ ô÷åãú ä-print äàçøåðä åð÷áì àú äúåöàä äîúá÷ùú. ëìåîø, çùåá ìæëåø àú ô÷åãåú ä-<literal>break</literal> (ìîøåú ùéúëï îöá áå ðîðò ìäùúîù áô÷åãä æå áëååðä). </simpara> <simpara> áô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> äáéèåé îåòøê ôòí àçú áìáã åäúåöàä ðáã÷ú îåì òøëé ô÷åãåú<literal>case</literal>. áô÷åãú <literal>elseif</literal> äáéèåé îåòøê ôòí ðåñôú. àí éù ìáöò úðàé îåøëá éåúø îáãé÷ä ôùåèä ùì and àå or ìáéèåé, îåîìõ ìäùúîù á-<literal>switch</literal> ùéáöò àú äîìàëä áîäéøåú âáåää éåúø îàùø îäéøåúí ùì øöó ô÷åãåú if å-elseif. </simpara> <para> øùéîú äô÷åãåú ùì îùôè case éëåìä ìäéåú øé÷ä áîéãä åðøöä ìäîùéê ìäøöú îùôè ä-case äáà. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: case 1: case 2: print "i is less than 3 but not negative"; break; case 3: print "i is 3"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ÷ééí ñåâ ùì îùôè case äéåöà ãåôï, æäå îùôè ä-default. áîéãä åäùúîùðå áîùôè case îñåâ default , äåà éúàéí ìîöá áå àéï äúàîä ùì áéèåé ä-<literal>switch</literal> ìàó àçã îîùôèé ä-case åìëï éù ìî÷îå áñåó ìàçø áãé÷ú ëì òøëé ä-case. ìãåâîä: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; default: print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äáéèåé áîùôè ä-<literal>case</literal> éëåì ìäéåú ëì îùúðä îñåâ ôùåè ëîå îñôø àéðèâøìé (integer) àå îñôø øéàìé (float) àå îçøåæú. àé àôùø ìäùúîù áîòøê àìà àí äåà îéåöâ áñåâ îùúðä ôùåè. </para> <para> âí äúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé ðúîê, øàä áôø÷ <link linkend="control-structures.alternative-syntax">úçáéø àìèøðèéáé ìîáðé-á÷øä</link>. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i): case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; default: print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; endswitch; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.declare"> <title><literal>declare</literal></title> <para> îáðä ä-<literal>declare</literal> îùîù ì÷áéòú äåøàú äôòìä ìâáé áìå÷ îñåééí. äúçáéø ãåîä ìúçáéø ùì îáðé-á÷øä àçøéí: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ declare (directive) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> çì÷ ä-<literal>directive</literal> (äåøàä) îàôùø àú ÷áéòú äúðäâåú áìå÷ ä-<literal>declare</literal>. ìòú òúä, ääåøàä äéçéãä ù÷ééîú äéà äåøàú ä-<literal>ticks</literal>. (÷øàå áäîùê ìîéãò ðåñó òì äåøàú <link linkend="control-structures.declare.ticks">ticks</link> åúçáéøä) </para> <para> çì÷ ä-<literal>statement</literal> áô÷åãú <literal>declare</literal> äåà ô÷åãä àå áìå÷ ùì ô÷åãåú ùéåøöå. ôøîèø ä-<literal>directive</literal> é÷áò àú àåôï ääøöä ùì äô÷åãåú åúåôòåú ðåñôåú ùîúìååú ìäøöúå. </para> <sect2 id="control-structures.declare.ticks"> <title>Ticks</title> <para> àøåò ä-ticks îúøçù ëì <replaceable>N</replaceable> ôòîéí ùøöä ô÷åãä áøîä äðîåëä (low-level) òì-éãé äîôøù ááìå÷ ùäåâãø ìëê áô÷åãú <literal>declare</literal>. äòøê ùì <replaceable>N</replaceable> äåà ôøîèø ùîåòáø ìô÷åãú ä-<literal>declare</literal> òì-éãé äåøàä áöåøú <literal>ticks=<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal>. </para> <para> äôòåìåú ùéúáöòå áò÷áåú ëì àøåò tick é÷áòå òì-éãé äôåð÷öéä <function>register_tick_function</function>. ÷øàå áãåâîä äáàä ìîéãò ðåñó. ùéîå ìá ìëê ùàôùø ìáöò éåúø îàéøåò àçã ìëì tick. </para> <para> <example> <title>ðéúåç ùì ÷åã PHP</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <pre> <?php // A function that records the time when it is called function profile ($dump = FALSE) { static $profile; // Return the times stored in profile, then erase it if ($dump) { $temp = $profile; unset ($profile); return ($temp); } $profile[] = microtime (); } // Set up a tick handler register_tick_function("profile"); // Initialize the function before the declare block profile (); // Run a block of code, throw a tick every 2nd statement declare (ticks=2) { for ($x = 1; $x < 50; ++$x) { echo similar_text (md5($x), md5($x*$x)), "<br>"; } } // Display the data stored in the profiler print_r (profile (TRUE)); ?> </pre> ]]> </programlisting> </example> äãåâîä áòöí îðúçú àú ä÷åã äîåâãø ááìå÷ á-'declare' òì-éãé ä÷ìèú äæîï ìàçø ëì äøöú ëì ô÷åãä ùðééä áøîä äðîåëä. îéãò æä éëåì ìùîù ìöåøê áãé÷ú îäéøåú äáéöåò áàéæåøéí ùåðéí á÷åã îñåééí. ðéúï ìáöò úäìéê ëæä âí áùéèåú àçøåú àê äùéîåù á-ticks äåà äðåç áéåúø ìäùîä. </para> <simpara> äåøàú ticks îéåòãú ìðéôåé ùâéàåú, éùåí øéáåé îùéîåú ôùåè, áéöåò îèìåú ôìè\÷ìè áø÷ò åòåã äîåï îùéîåú àçøåú. </simpara> <simpara> ÷øàå âí òì ôåð÷öéåú<function>register_tick_function</function> å- <function>unregister_tick_function</function>. </simpara> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.return"> <title>return</title> <simpara> àí îúáöòú ÷øéàä ìô÷åãä æå îúåê ôåð÷öéä, ô÷åãú ä-<function>return</function> úòöåø îééã àú äøöú äôåð÷öéä äðåëçéú åúçæéø àú äòøê ùäåòáø ìä ëòøê äúåöàä ùì äôåð÷öéä. ô÷åãú <function>return</function> úòöåø âí áéöåò ùì ô÷åãú <function>eval</function> áñ÷øéôè. </simpara> <simpara> àí îúáöòú ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä æå îúåê äîáðä äøàùé ùì äñ÷øéôè, äøöú äñ÷øéôè úñúééí. àí ä÷øéôè äðåëçé äåôòì òì-éãé ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àå <function>require</function>, øéöú äñ÷øéôè äðåëçé úñúééí åäñ÷øéôè äî÷åøé éîùéê îäð÷åãä áä äôñé÷. áðåñó, òøê ä-<function>return</function> éåçæø ëòøëä ùì ôåð÷öééú ä-<function>include</function>. àí ä÷øéàä ì-<function>return</function> äúáöòä îäñ÷øéôè äøàùé, áéöåòå éôñ÷. àí äñ÷øéôè äðåëçé äåâãø áàåôöééú <link linkend="ini.auto-prepend-file">auto_prepend_file</link> àå <link linkend="ini.auto-append-file">auto_append_file</link> á<link linkend="configuration.file">÷åáõ ääâãøåú</link>, øéöú äñ÷øéôè úéòöø. </simpara> <simpara>ìîéãò ðåñó éù ìòééï á<link linkend="functions.returning-values">äçæøú òøëéí</link>. </simpara> <note> <simpara> ùéí ìá ù-<function>return</function> äéà îáðä ùì äùôä åìà ôåð÷öéä åìëï äñåâøééí äî÷éôéí àú äáéèåé äîåçæø <emphasis>ìà</emphasis> äëøçééí ìîòùä åéåúø î÷åáì ìäùîéèí àê æä îîù ìà îùðä ãáø. </simpara> </note> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.require"> <title><function>require</function></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>require</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>require</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äñáø îôåøè ìâáé àåôï ôòåìú äñéôåç ðéúï ìîöåà áúéòåã äôåð÷öéä <function>include</function>. </simpara> <simpara> äô÷åãåú <function>require</function> å-<function>include</function> æäåú áëì îåáï çåõ îàùø äàåôï áå äï îèôìåú áùâéàåú àå áçåñø äöìçä áñéôåç ä÷åáõ. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-warning">àæäøä</link> áòåã ùô÷åãú <function>require</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-error"> Fatal Error</link> - ùâéàä ùúâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè. àí áøöåðê ìîðåò àú øéöú äñ÷øéôè áî÷øä ù÷åáõ ìà ðîöà, éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require</function>. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àéðä îúðäâú áàåôï ëæä.ëîå ëï, îåîìõ ì÷áåò àú òøëå ùì <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ãåâîä áñéñéú ùì <function>require</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php require 'prepend.php'; require $somefile; require ('somefile.txt'); ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> éù ìòééï áúéòåã äô÷åãä <function>include</function> ìãåâîàåú ðåñôåú. </simpara> <note> <simpara> áâøñú PHP 4.0.2 åîèä, ô÷åãú <function>require</function> úðñä ì÷øåà àú ÷åáõ äîèøä ùìä âí àí äéà ìà îâéòä ìòåìí ìéãé øéöä áñ÷øéôè. îùôè äúðééä ìà éùôéò òì <function>require</function> àê àí äùåøä áä îåôéòä ô÷åãú <function>require</function> ìà úåøõ, âí ä÷åã ùîëéì ä-<function>require</function> ìà éåøõ. âí <function>require</function> ùîåøõ îñôø ôòîéí îúåê ìåìàä éúðäâ áöåøä æää. àåìí ä÷åã òöîå éåøõ îñôø ôòîéí áìåìàä àê ôòåìú äñéôåç úúøçù ôòí àçú áìáã. </simpara> </note> <simpara> ìîéãò ðåñó,éù ìòééï âí áúéòåã ùì <function>include</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>eval</function>, <function>file</function>, <function>readfile</function>, <function>virtual</function> u- <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.include"> <title><function>include</function></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. </simpara> <simpara> äô÷åãåú <function>require</function> å-<function>include</function> æäåú áëì îåáï çåõ îàùø äàåôï áå äï îèôìåú áùâéàåú àå áçåñø äöìçä áñéôåç ä÷åáõ. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-warning">àæäøä</link> áòåã ùô÷åãú <function>require</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-error"> Fatal Error</link> - ùâéàä ùúâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè. àí áøöåðê ìîðåò àú øéöú äñ÷øéôè áî÷øä ù÷åáõ ìà ðîöà, éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require</function>. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àéðä îúðäâú áàåôï ëæä.ëîå ëï, îåîìõ ì÷áåò àú òøëå ùì <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> <simpara> ëàùø ÷åáõ îñåôç áòæøú include äåà éåøù àú <link linkend="language.variables.scope">îòøê äîùúðéí</link> áøâò äñéôåç. ëìåîø, ëì îùúðä ùäéä æîéï áñ÷øéôè äøàùé áð÷åãú äñéôåç, éäé æîéï áúçéìú ÷åã ä-include âí ëï. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ãåâîä áñéñéú ì-<function>include</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ vars.php <?php $color = 'green'; $fruit = 'apple'; ?> test.php <?php echo "A $color $fruit"; // A include 'vars.php'; echo "A $color $fruit"; // A green apple ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> àí äñéôåç îúáöò îúåê ôåð÷öéä áñ÷øéôè äøàùé, ëì ä÷åã äîåëì éúðäâ ëàéìå äåà çì÷ îäôåð÷öéä òöîä ëê ùäåà ééøù àú îòøê äîùúðéí ùì äôåð÷öéä áìáã. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ñéôåç îúåê ôåð÷öéä</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php function foo() { global $color; include 'vars.php'; echo "A $color $fruit"; } /* vars.inc is in the scope of foo() so * * $fruit is NOT available outside of this * * scope. $color is because we declared it * * as global. */ foo(); // A green apple echo "A $color $fruit"; // A green ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> ëàùø ÷åáõ îñåôç, äîôøù éåöà î"îöá "PHP åòåáø ì"îöá "HTML áúçéìú ä÷åáõ. ëôåòì éåöà, ëì ÷åã îñåôç öøéê ìäéåú á<link linkend="language.basic-syntax.phpmode">úâéåú ôúéçä åñâéøä ú÷ðéåú</link>. </simpara> <simpara> àí îàåôùøú àåôöééú "<link linkend="ini.allow-url-fopen"> URL fopen wrappers</link>" (ùäéà áøéøú îçãì áäâãøåú), éù áàôùøåúéðå ìöééï ÷éùåø HTTP áî÷åí ùí ÷åáõ î÷åîé. àí ùøú äîèøä îôøù ÷áöé PHP, úéúëï äòáøú îùúðéí ì÷éùåø áùéèú HTTP GET. æä ùåðä áî÷öú îñéôåç ùì ÷åáõ î÷åîé äéåøù àú äîùúðéí îäñ÷øéôè äøàùé. äñ÷øéôè äîøåç÷ áòöí îåøõ åúåöàúå îñåôçú ìñ÷øéôè äî÷åîé. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ùéîåù á-<function>include</function> ãøê HTTP</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php /* This example assumes that www.example.com is configured to parse .php * * files and not .txt files. Also, 'Works' here means that the variables * * $foo and $bar are available within the included file. */ // Won't work; file.txt wasn't handled by www.example.com as PHP include 'http://www.example.com/file.txt?foo=1&bar=2'; // Won't work; looks for a file named 'file.php?foo=1&bar=2' on the // local filesystem. include 'file.php?foo=1&bar=2'; // Works. include 'http://www.example.com/file.php?foo=1&bar=2'; $foo = 1; $bar = 2; include 'file.txt'; // Works. include 'file.php'; // Works. ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> éù ìòééï âí áôø÷éí òì <link linkend="features.remote-files">÷áöéí îøåç÷éí</link>, <function>fopen</function> å- <function>file</function> ìîéãò ðåñó áðåùà. </para> <para> îàçø åäô÷åãåú <function>include</function> å-<function>require</function> äï îáðä îéåçã áùôä, çåáä ìòèåó àåúï áñåâøééí îñåìñìéí ëàùø øåöéí ìäúðåú àú áéöåòï. </para> <para> <example> <title>äúðééä ùì ô÷åãú include()</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php // This is WRONG and will not work as desired. if ($condition) include $file; else include $other; // This is CORRECT. if ($condition) { include $file; } else { include $other; } ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> ðéúï ìäôòéì ô÷åãú return îúåê ÷åáõ îñåôç áîèøä ì÷èåò àú äñéôåç åìäçæéø àú äùìéèä ìñ÷øéôè ä÷åøà. ëîå ëï, ðéúï ìäçæéø îéãò î÷åáõ îñåôç åìäùúîù áîéãò áãåîä ìùéîåù áôåð÷öéä øâéìä. </simpara> <note> <simpara> áâøñä 3 ùì PHP ìà úéúëï ÷øéàä ì-<function>return</function> àìà îúåê ôåð÷öéä áìáã åìà îúéåê ÷åáõ øàùé àå ÷åáõ îñåôç. </simpara> </note> <para> <example> <title>ô÷åãåú <function>include</function> å-<function>return</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ return.php <?php $var = 'PHP'; return $var; ?> noreturn.php <?php $var = 'PHP'; ?> testreturns.php <?php $foo = include 'return.php'; echo $foo; // prints 'PHP' $bar = include 'noreturn.php'; echo $bar; // prints 1 ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> äîùúðä <literal>$bar</literal> é÷áì àú äòøê <literal>1</literal> ëé äñéôåç äúáöò áäöìçä. ùéîå ìá ìäáãì áéï äãåâîàåú ä÷åãîåú. äøàùåðä îùúîùú áô÷åãú <function>return</function> î÷åáõ îñåôç åäùðééä - ìà. ãøëéí ðåñôåú ìñéôåç ÷åáõ ìúåê îùúðéí ðéúï ìîîù úåê ùéîåù á- <function>fopen</function>, <function>file</function> àå úåê ùéîåù á-<function>include</function> áùéìåá òí <link linkend="ref.outcontrol">ôåð÷öéåú ìùìéèä áôìè</link>. </simpara> <simpara> òééï âí áôø÷éí òì <function>require</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>readfile</function>, <function>virtual</function> å- <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.require-once"> <title><function>require_once</function></title> <para> ô÷åãú <function>require_once</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äéúðäâåúä æää ìô÷åãú <function>require</function> òí äáãì éçéã ùîúáèà áëê ùàí ÷åã î÷åáõ îñåééí ëáø ñåôç áîäìê äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè, äåà ìà éñåôç ôòí ðåñôú. éù ìòééï áúéòåã ùì ô÷åãú <function>require</function> ìîéãò ðåñó òì àåôï äôòåìä ùì ô÷åãä æå. </para> <para> éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require_once</function> áî÷øéí áäí éúëï ñéôåçå ùì ÷åáõ îñåééí îñôø ôòîéí äîäìê äøéöä åéù öåøê ìîðåò ñéôåç ëôåì ëãé ìîðåò äâãøä îçåãùú ùì ôåð÷öéåú åîùúðéí ùåðéí. </para> <para> ãåâîä ìùéîåù á-<function>require_once</function> å- <function>include_once</function> ðéúï ìîöåà á÷åã ùì <ulink url="&url.php.pear;">PEAR</ulink> ùîöåøó ìâøñú PHP äàçøåðä. </para> <note> <para> äôåð÷öéä <function>require_once</function> ðåñôä ø÷ áâøñú PHP 4.0.1pl2 </para> </note> <para> îéãò ðåñó ðéúï ìîöåà áôø÷éí: <function>require</function>, <function>include</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>get_required_files</function>, <function>get_included_files</function>, <function>readfile</function>, å- <function>virtual</function>. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.include-once"> <title><function>include_once</function></title> <para> ô÷åãú <function>include_once</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äéúðäâåúä æää ìô÷åãú <function>include</function> òí äáãì éçéã ùîúáèà áëê ùàí ÷åã î÷åáõ îñåééí ëáø ñåôç áîäìê äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè, äåà ìà éñåôç ôòí ðåñôú. éù ìòééï áúéòåã ùì ô÷åãú <function>include</function> ìîéãò ðåñó òì àåôï äôòåìä ùì ô÷åãä æå. </para> <para> éù ìäùúîù á-<function>include_once</function> áî÷øéí áäí éúëï ñéôåçå ùì ÷åáõ îñåééí îñôø ôòîéí äîäìê äøéöä åéù öåøê ìîðåò ñéôåç ëôåì ëãé ìîðåò äâãøä îçåãùú ùì ôåð÷öéåú åîùúðéí ùåðéí. </para> <para> ãåâîä ìùéîåù á-<function>require_once</function> å- <function>include_once</function> ðéúï ìîöåà á÷åã ùì <ulink url="&url.php.pear;">PEAR</ulink> ùîöåøó ìâøñú PHP äàçøåðä. </para> <note> <para> äôåð÷öéä <function>include_once</function> ðåñôä ø÷ áâøñú PHP 4.0.1pl2 </para> </note> <para> îéãò ðåñó ðéúï ìîöåà áôø÷éí: <function>include</function>, <function>require</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>get_required_files</function>, <function>get_included_files</function>, <function>readfile</function>, å-<function>virtual</function>. </para> </sect1> </chapter> <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file Local variables: mode: sgml sgml-omittag:t sgml-shorttag:t sgml-minimize-attributes:nil sgml-always-quote-attributes:t sgml-indent-step:1 sgml-indent-data:t indent-tabs-mode:nil sgml-parent-document:nil sgml-default-dtd-file:"../../manual.ced" sgml-exposed-tags:nil sgml-local-catalogs:nil sgml-local-ecat-files:nil End: vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml vi: ts=1 sw=1 -->
Index: phpdoc/he/language/control-structures.xml +++ phpdoc/he/language/control-structures.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-8-i"?> <!-- $Revision: 1.1 $ --> <chapter id="control-structures"> <title>îáðé-á÷øä</title> <simpara> ëì ñ÷øéôè PHP áðåé îøöó ùì ô÷åãåú. ô÷åãä éëåìä ìäéåú ô÷åãú äöáä, ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä, ìåìàä, äúðééä àå àôéìå ô÷åãä ùìà òùä ãáø (äëøæä øé÷ä). ô÷åãåú îñúééîåú áãê-ëìì áñîé÷åìåï ';'. áðåñó, ðéúï ìàâã ÷áåöä ùì ô÷åãåú ìáìå÷ ùì ô÷åãåú áòæøú ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí åëê ÷áåöú ô÷åãåú éëåìä ìäçùá ëô÷åãä àçú. áôø÷ æä îúåàøéí ñåâé ô÷åãåú ùåðéí. </simpara> <sect1 id="control-structures.if"> <title><literal>if</literal></title> <para> îáðä ô÷åãú ä- <literal>if</literal> äåà àçã äîáðéí äçùåáéí áéåúø áäøáä ùôåú úëðåú ìøáåú PHP. ô÷åãä æå îàôùøú äúðééä ùì øéöú çì÷é ÷åã. îáðä ô÷åãú <literal>if</literal> á- PHP ãåîä ìîáðä if áùôú C: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ if (expr) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ëîúåàø áñòéó òì <link linkend="language.expressions">áéèåééí</link>, <replaceable>expr</replaceable> îåòøê ìòøëå äáåìàðé. àí <replaceable>expr</replaceable> îåòøê ë- &true;, PHP úáöò àú <replaceable>statement</replaceable>, åàí äáéèåé îåòøê ë- &true;, ìà úúáöò àó ô÷åãä. îéãò ðåñó áðåùà - àéìå òøëéí îúàéîéí ìòøê ä &false; ðéúï ìîöåà áñòéó <link linkend="language.types.boolean.casting">'äîøä ìòøê áåìàðé'</link>. </simpara> <para> äãåâîä äáàä úãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b </computeroutput> àí <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì î- <replaceable>$b</replaceable>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) print "a is bigger than b"; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ìòéúéí úäéå îòåðééðéí áäøöú îñôø ô÷åãåú áúðàé îñåééí. ëîåáï, àéï öåøê ìäúðåú ëì ô÷åãä áðôøã áîùôè <literal>if</literal>. àôùø ôùåè ìéöåø ÷áåöú ô÷åãåú. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput> àí <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì î- <replaceable>$b</replaceable>, åéöéá òøëå ùì <replaceable>$a</replaceable> ìúåê äîùúðä <replaceable>$b</replaceable>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; $b = $a; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äúðéä æå éëåìä ìäéåú î÷åððú áúåê îùôèé <literal>if</literal> àçøéí. ãáø äîàôùø âîéùåú øáä áäúðééú çì÷é äúåëðä ùìëí. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.else"> <title><literal>else</literal></title> <para> ìòéúéí úøöä ìäøéõ ô÷åãä àí úðàé îú÷ééí åìäøéõ ô÷åãä àçøú àí ìà. ìùí æä ÷ééí ä <literal>else</literal>. <literal>else</literal> îøçéá îùôèé <literal>if</literal> ëãé ìáöò äøöä ùì ô÷åãåú áî÷øä ùòøëå ùì äáéèåé áîùôè <literal>if</literal> îúàéí ìòøê ä &false;. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput> àí òøëå ùì <replaceable>$a</replaceable> âãåì îòøëå ùì <replaceable>$b</replaceable>, àå éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is NOT bigger than b</computeroutput> áëì î÷øä àçø: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; } else { print "a is NOT bigger than b"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> ô÷åãú ä- <literal>else</literal> úáåöò àê åø÷ àí áéèåé ä- <literal>if</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì- &false;, åàí îãåáø ááéèåé <literal>elseif</literal> âí ëï. (øàä á <link linkend="control-structures.elseif">elseif</link>). </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.elseif"> <title><literal>elseif</literal></title> <para> <literal>elseif</literal>, ëôé ùùîä îøîæ, äéà ùéìåá áéï <literal>if</literal> ìáéï <literal>else</literal>. äéà îøçéáä àú îùôè ä <literal>if</literal> ëãé ìàôùø áéöåò ôòåìåú àçøåú áî÷øä ùäáéèåé á <literal>if</literal> äî÷åøé ùååä áòøëå ì &false;. àåìí, ääáãì áéï ô÷åãä æå ìô÷åãú <literal>else</literal> øâéìä, ù÷áåöú äô÷åãåú úúáöò àê åø÷ àí úðàé ä <literal>elseif</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì &true;. ìãåâîä, äñ÷øéôè äáà éãôéñ <computeroutput>a is bigger than b</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>a equal to b</computeroutput> àå <computeroutput>a is smaller than b</computeroutput>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a > $b) { print "a is bigger than b"; } elseif ($a == $b) { print "a is equal to b"; } else { print "a is smaller than b"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ô÷åãú ä-<literal>elseif</literal> éëåìä ìäåôéò îñôø ôòîéí áîùôè áàåúå îùôè <literal>if</literal>. ä-<literal>elseif</literal> äøàùåï ùòøëå éúàéí ì-&true; (àí ÷ééí ëæä), éøåõ. áúçáéø ùì PHP àúä éëåì ìëúåá âí 'else if' (áùúé îéìéí) àå 'elseif' (áîéìä àçú) åäîùîòåú úäéä æää. àîðí äîùîòåú äñéðè÷èéú ùåðä áî÷öú àê ääúðäâåú ùì ùúé äöåøåú æää ìâîøé. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú ä-<literal>elseif</literal> úáåöò ø÷ àí òøëé äáéèåééí áîùôèé ä-<literal>if</literal> åä-<literal>elseif</literal> ù÷ãîå ìä ùåéí áòøëí ì-&false; åòøëå ùì áéèåé ä-<literal>elseif</literal> äðåëçé ùååä ì-&true;. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.alternative-syntax"> <title>úçáéø àìèøðèéáé ìîáðé-á÷øä</title> <para> PHP îöéòä úçáéø çìåôé ìîñôø îáðé-á÷øä ëâåï <literal>if</literal>, <literal>while</literal>, <literal>for</literal>, <literal>foreach</literal>, å-<literal>switch</literal>. äúçáéø äçìåôé îúáèà áô÷åãä ôåúçú áùéîåù áð÷åãåúééí (:) áî÷åí ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí åáô÷åãä ùñåâøú àú äîáðä ëâåï:<literal>endif;</literal>, <literal>endwhile;</literal>,<literal>endfor;</literal>, <literal>endforeach;</literal>, àå <literal>endswitch;</literal>. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php if ($a == 5): ?> A is equal to 5 <?php endif; ?> ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áãåâîä è÷ñè ä-HTML î÷åððï áîùôè <literal>if</literal> äëúåá áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé. äè÷ñè éåöâ ø÷ àí òøëå ùì $a ùååä 5. </simpara> <para> áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé îúàéí ì-<literal>else</literal> åì-<literal>elseif</literal> âí ëï. áãåâîä äáàä îåôéò îùôè <literal>if</literal> òí <literal>elseif</literal> åòí <literal>else</literal> áúçáéø àìèøðèéáé: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($a == 5): print "a equals 5"; print "..."; elseif ($a == 6): print "a equals 6"; print "!!!"; else: print "a is neither 5 nor 6"; endif; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ìãåâîàåú ðåñôåú, øàä âí áôø÷éí òì <link linkend="control-structures.while">while</link>, <link linkend="control-structures.for">for</link>, å-<link linkend="control-structures.if">if</link>. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.while"> <title><literal>while</literal></title> <para> ìåìàåú <literal>while</literal> äï äìåìàåú äôùåèåú áéåúø á-PHP. äï îúðäâåú áöåøä æää ìî÷áéìåúéäï áùôú C. äöåøä äáñéñéú ùì ìåìàú <literal>while</literal> äéà: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ while (expr) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äîùîòåú ùì ìåìàú <literal>while</literal> äéà ôùåèä. äéà ôå÷ãú òì PHP ìáöò àú äô÷åãåú ùäéà îëéìä ëì òåã áéèåé ä-<literal>while</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì-&true;. òøëå ùì äáéèåé ðáã÷ îçãù áëì ôòí áúçéìú äìåìàä, ëê ùàí îùúðä òøëå ùì äáéèåé áîäìê äìåìàä, äéà ìà úéòöø òã ùúñééí àú äàéèøöéä äðåëçéú (ëì ôòí ù-PHP îøéöä àú ëì äô÷åãåú ùáìåìàä ð÷øàú àéèøöéä). ëàùø òøê äáéèåé ùì ìåìàú ä-<literal>while</literal> ùååä áòøëå ì-&false; îìëúçéìä, äô÷åãåú ùáúåê äìåìàä ìà éåøöå àôéìå ôòí àçú. </simpara> <para> áãåîä ìô÷åãú ä-<literal>if</literal>, ðéúï ìàâã îñôø ô÷åãåú ìáìå÷ àçã áìåìàú <literal>while</literal> àçú áòæøú ñåâøééí îñåìñìéí àå úåê ùéîåù áúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ while (expr): statement ... endwhile; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äãåâîàåú äáàåú æäåú åùúéäï éöéâå îñôøéí áéï 1 ì-10: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* example 1 */ $i = 1; while ($i <= 10) { print $i++; /* the printed value would be $i before the increment (post-increment) */ } /* example 2 */ $i = 1; while ($i <= 10): print $i; $i++; endwhile; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.do.while"> <title><literal>do..while</literal></title> <simpara> ìåìàåú <literal>do..while</literal> æäåú áîéãä øáä ììåìàåú <literal>while</literal>, ìîòè áãé÷ú äáéèåé áñåó ëì àéèøöéä áî÷åí áéöåò äáãé÷ä áäúçìä. ääáãì äòé÷øé áäúðäâåú ùì ìåìàåú àìå äåà ùáìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal>, ÷åã äìåìàä éøåõ ìôçåú ôòí àçú (ëé äúðàé ðáã÷ áñåó äøéöä) áòåã ùáìåìàú <literal>while</literal> øâéìä (ùáä äúðàé ðáã÷ áúçéìú äìåìàä), éúëï îöá áå ä÷åã ìà éåøõ áëìì. (àí òøëå ääúçìúé ùì äáéèåé ùååä ì-&false;, äìåìàä úéôñ÷ îéã.) </simpara> <para> ììåìàåú <literal>do..while</literal> éù öåøú úçáéø àçú áìáã: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ $i = 0; do { print $i; } while ($i>0); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ìåìàä æå úåøõ ôòí àçú áãéå÷, îàçø åîééã àçøé äàéèøöéä äøàùåðä, òøëå ùì äáéèåé ùååä ì-&false; (òøëå ùì $i àéðå âãåì î-0) åøéöú äìåìàä úôñ÷. </simpara> <para> úëðúé C îú÷ãîéí îëéøéí àú äùéîåùéí äùåðéí áìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal> ìöøëé òöéøú äøöä áàîöò áìå÷éí ùì ÷åã òì-éãé ùéîåù áìåìàú <literal>do..while</literal> åùéîåù á ô÷åãú<link linkend="control-structures.break"><literal>break</literal></link>. ä÷åã äáà îãâéí æàú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ do { if ($i < 5) { print "i is not big enough"; break; } $i *= $factor; if ($i < $minimum_limit) { break; } print "i is ok"; ...process i... } while(0); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> àì ãàâä àí ðåùà æä ðøàä îñåáê åìà îåáï. ðéúï ìëúåá ñ÷øéôèéí çæ÷éí âí ììà ùéîåù áúëåðä æå. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.for"> <title><literal>for</literal></title> <para> ìåìàåú <literal>for</literal> äï äìåìàåú äëé îåøëáåú á-PHP. äï ãåîåú ìî÷áéìåúéäï áùôú C. äúçáéø ùì ìåìàú <literal>for</literal> äåà: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> äáéèåé äøàùåï (<replaceable>expr1</replaceable>) îåòøê (îåøõ) ôòí àçú áìáã åììà úðàéí áúçéìú äìåìàä. </simpara> <simpara> áúçéìú ëì àéèøöéä <replaceable>expr2</replaceable> îåòøê. àí òøëå ùååä ì-&true;, äìåìàä úîùéê åäô÷åãåú ùáìåìàä éåôòìå. àí äáéèåé îåòøê ì-&false;, äìåìàä îñúééîú. </simpara> <simpara> áúçéìú ëì àéèøöéä îåøõ äáéèåé <replaceable>expr3</replaceable>. </simpara> <simpara> ëì àçã îäáéèåééí éëåì ìäéåú âí áéèåé øé÷ (çñø). ëàùø <replaceable>expr2</replaceable> øé÷, äìåìàä úøåõ ìòã ( PHP îçùéáä àåúå ëáéèåé øé÷ ëîå áùôú C ). òåáãä æå àéðä çñøú úåòìú ìçìåèéï äéåú åðéúï ìòöåø ìåìàä àéðñåôéú ëæå áòæøú ô÷åãú <link linkend="control-structures.break"><literal>break</literal></link> îåúðéú áî÷åí ääîúðä ìáéèåé ùòøëå &false;. </simpara> <para> äãåâîàåú äáàåú îöéâåú àú äîñôøéí áéï 1 ì-10: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* example 1 */ for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) { print $i; } /* example 2 */ for ($i = 1;;$i++) { if ($i > 10) { break; } print $i; } /* example 3 */ $i = 1; for (;;) { if ($i > 10) { break; } print $i; $i++; } /* example 4 */ for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; print $i, $i++); ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> ëîåáï ùäãåâîä äøàùåðä äëé îñáøú àú äòéï (àå àåìé áòöí äãåâîä äøáéòéú), àáì ðéúï ìäáéï îãåâîàåú àìå ùáéèåé øé÷ áìåìàú <literal>for</literal> éëåì ìäéåú ùéîåùé áîöáéí øáéí. </simpara> <para> PHP úåîëú âí áúçáéø äð÷åãåúééí äàìèøðèéáé áìåìàåú <literal>for</literal>: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ for (expr1; expr2; expr3): statement; ...; endfor; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> áùôåú ùåðåú ÷ééîú ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ùøöåú ìàåøê îòøê. á-PHP 3 ìà ÷ééîú ô÷åãä ëæå. á-PHP 4 ÷ééîú ô÷åãä æå (øàä <link linkend="control-structures.foreach">foreach</link> ìîéãò ðåñó). á-PHP 3 ðéúï ìáöò ãáø ãåîä òì-éãé ùéîåù áìåìàú <link linkend="control-structures.while">while </link> åäôåð÷öéåú <function>list</function> å-<function>each</function>. ðéúï ìîöåà ãåâîàåú áúéòåã ùì ôåð÷öéåú àìå. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.foreach"> <title><literal>foreach</literal></title> <para> PHP ëåììú àú ô÷åãú <literal>foreach</literal> îâøñä 4 áìáã. áãåîä ìôøì åùôåú àçøåú, ðéúï áòæøú ô÷åãä æå ìáöò áôùèåú àéèøöéåú òì îòøê. ÷ééîéí ìô÷åãä ùðé ñåâé úçáéø. äùðé îäååä äøçáä çùåáä ìøàùåï: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ foreach(array_expression as $value) statement foreach(array_expression as $key => $value) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áöåøä äøàùåðä äìåìàä øöä ìàåøëå ùì äîòøê <literal>array_expression</literal>. áëì àéèøöéä òøëå ùì úà îäîòøê îåöá áîùúðä <literal>$value</literal> åòøëå ùì îöáéò ôðéîé ìîòøê î÷åãí ìàáø äáà (ëê ùáìåìàä äáàä ú÷áì àú òøëå ùì äàáø äáà). </simpara> <simpara> äöåøä äùðééä îáöòú àú àåúä äôòåìä, àê òøê äîôúç ùì äàéáø äðåëçé îåöá áîùúðä <literal>$key</literal> áëì àéèøöéä (òøê äîôúç äåà îñôø àå îçøåæú ùîöééðéí àú ùîå àå îé÷åîå ùì àéáø îñåééí áîòøê). </simpara> <para> <note> <para> ëàùø îúçéì áéöåò ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal>, òøëå ùì äîöáéò äôðéîé îàåúçì ìàáø äøàùåï áîòøê. ëìåîø, àéï öåøê ìáöò ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä <function>reset</function> ìôðé ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal>. </para> </note> </para> <para> <note> <para> ùéí ìá âí ìëê ùìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ôåòìú òì ùéëôåì ùì äîòøê äîñåééí åìà òì äîòøê òöîå åìëï òøëå ùì îöáéò äîòøê àéðå îùúðä ëîå áô÷åãú <function>each</function>. </para> </note> </para> <note> <para> ìåìàú <literal>foreach</literal> ìà úåîëú áäù÷èú äåøàåú ùâéàä áòæøú '@'. </para> </note> <para> äìåìàåú äáàåú æäåú îáçéðä ôåð÷öéåðàìéú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ reset ($arr); while (list(, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; } foreach ($arr as $value) { echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> âí äãåâîàåú äáàåú æäåú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ reset ($arr); while (list($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; } foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äðä ãåâîàåú ðåñôú: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ /* foreach example 1: value only */ $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); foreach ($a as $v) { print "Current value of \$a: $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 2: value (with key printed for illustration) */ $a = array (1, 2, 3, 17); $i = 0; /* for illustrative purposes only */ foreach($a as $v) { print "\$a[$i] => $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 3: key and value */ $a = array ( "one" => 1, "two" => 2, "three" => 3, "seventeen" => 17 ); foreach($a as $k => $v) { print "\$a[$k] => $v.\n"; } /* foreach example 4: multi-dimensional arrays */ $a[0][0] = "a"; $a[0][1] = "b"; $a[1][0] = "y"; $a[1][1] = "z"; foreach($a as $v1) { foreach ($v1 as $v2) { print "$v2\n"; } } /* foreach example 5: dynamic arrays */ foreach(array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) as $v) { print "$v\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.break"> <title><literal>break</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> úâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì îáðä äá÷øä äðåëçé îñåâ <literal>for</literal>, <literal>foreach</literal> <literal>while</literal>, <literal>do..while</literal> àå <literal>switch</literal>. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> éëåìä ì÷áì âí ðúåï îñôøé ùîöééï àú îñôø îáðé äá÷øä äî÷åððéí ùáøöåððå "ìùáåø". </simpara> <para> <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ $arr = array ('one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'stop', 'five'); while (list (, $val) = each ($arr)) { if ($val == 'stop') { break; /* You could also write 'break 1;' here. */ } echo "$val<br>\n"; } /* Using the optional argument. */ $i = 0; while (++$i) { switch ($i) { case 5: echo "At 5<br>\n"; break 1; /* Exit only the switch. */ case 10: echo "At 10; quitting<br>\n"; break 2; /* Exit the switch and the while. */ default: break; } } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.continue"> <title><literal>continue</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>continue</literal> îùîùú áîáðéí ùì ìåìàåú ëãé ìãìâ òì éúø äàéèøöéä äðåëçéú áìåìàä åìäúçéì áäøöú äàéèøöéä äáàä. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>continue</literal> î÷áìú ðúåï îñôøé àåôöéåðìé ùîöééï àú îñôø äøîåú ùì ìåìàåú î÷åððåú ùöøéê ìãìâ ìñåôï. </simpara> <para> <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ while (list ($key, $value) = each ($arr)) { if (!($key % 2)) { // skip odd members continue; } do_something_odd ($value); } $i = 0; while ($i++ < 5) { echo "Outer<br>\n"; while (1) { echo " Middle<br>\n"; while (1) { echo " Inner<br>\n"; continue 3; } echo "This never gets output.<br>\n"; } echo "Neither does this.<br>\n"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.switch"> <title><literal>switch</literal></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> î÷áéìä ìñéãøä ùì ô÷åãåú IF áàåúå áéèåé. áî÷øéí áäí ðøöä ìäùååú àú òøëå ùì îùúðä îñåééí (àå áéèåé) ìòøëí ùì òøëéí øáéí åìáöò ôòåìåú îñåééîåú äîúàéîåú ìòøê îñåééí ùì äîùúðä. æäå áãéå÷ äîöá áå ðîöà ùéîåù ìô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal>. </simpara> <para> áùúé äãåâîàåú äáàåú îåöâåú ùúé ãøëéí ìáéöåò îùéîä æää. äøàùåðä úåê ùéîåù áñãøú îùôèé <literal>if</literal> åäùðééä úåê ùéîåù áô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal>: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ if ($i == 0) { print "i equals 0"; } if ($i == 1) { print "i equals 1"; } if ($i == 2) { print "i equals 2"; } switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> çùåá ìäáéï àéê ô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> ôåòìú ëãé ìäîäò îèòéåú. ô÷åãú ä-<literal>switch</literal> úáöò ëì ô÷åãä ùúîöà áúåëä áöåøä äøâéìä ø÷ àí úîöà ô÷åãú <literal>case</literal> òí òøê áùååä áòøëå ìòøê ä-<literal>switch</literal>, úçì PHP áäøöú ä÷åã. òã ñåó áìå÷ ä-<literal>switch</literal> àå ô÷åãú ä-<literal>break</literal> äøàùåðä. àí ìà ðåñéó ô÷åãú <literal>break</literal> áñåôå ùì îùôè <literal>case</literal> àæ PHP úîùéê áäøöú îùôèé ä-<literal>case</literal> äáàéí. ìãåâîä: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; case 1: print "i equals 1"; case 2: print "i equals 2"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <simpara> áãåâîä æå, àí òøëå ùì $i ùååä ì-0 ,úúáöò äøöä ùì ëì ô÷åãåú ä-print ! àí òøëå ùååä ì-1 úúáöò äøöä ùì ùúé äô÷åãåú äàçøåðåú åàí òøëå éäéä ùååä ì-2 úøåõ ø÷ ô÷åãú ä-print äàçøåðä åð÷áì àú äúåöàä äîúá÷ùú. ëìåîø, çùåá ìæëåø àú ô÷åãåú ä-<literal>break</literal> (ìîøåú ùéúëï îöá áå ðîðò ìäùúîù áô÷åãä æå áëååðä). </simpara> <simpara> áô÷åãú <literal>switch</literal> äáéèåé îåòøê ôòí àçú áìáã åäúåöàä ðáã÷ú îåì òøëé ô÷åãåú<literal>case</literal>. áô÷åãú <literal>elseif</literal> äáéèåé îåòøê ôòí ðåñôú. àí éù ìáöò úðàé îåøëá éåúø îáãé÷ä ôùåèä ùì and àå or ìáéèåé, îåîìõ ìäùúîù á-<literal>switch</literal> ùéáöò àú äîìàëä áîäéøåú âáåää éåúø îàùø îäéøåúí ùì øöó ô÷åãåú if å-elseif. </simpara> <para> øùéîú äô÷åãåú ùì îùôè case éëåìä ìäéåú øé÷ä áîéãä åðøöä ìäîùéê ìäøöú îùôè ä-case äáà. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: case 1: case 2: print "i is less than 3 but not negative"; break; case 3: print "i is 3"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> ÷ééí ñåâ ùì îùôè case äéåöà ãåôï, æäå îùôè ä-default. áîéãä åäùúîùðå áîùôè case îñåâ default , äåà éúàéí ìîöá áå àéï äúàîä ùì áéèåé ä-<literal>switch</literal> ìàó àçã îîùôèé ä-case åìëï éù ìî÷îå áñåó ìàçø áãé÷ú ëì òøëé ä-case. ìãåâîä: <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i) { case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; default: print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; } ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> äáéèåé áîùôè ä-<literal>case</literal> éëåì ìäéåú ëì îùúðä îñåâ ôùåè ëîå îñôø àéðèâøìé (integer) àå îñôø øéàìé (float) àå îçøåæú. àé àôùø ìäùúîù áîòøê àìà àí äåà îéåöâ áñåâ îùúðä ôùåè. </para> <para> âí äúçáéø äàìèøðèéáé ðúîê, øàä áôø÷ <link linkend="control-structures.alternative-syntax">úçáéø àìèøðèéáé ìîáðé-á÷øä</link>. <informalexample> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ switch ($i): case 0: print "i equals 0"; break; case 1: print "i equals 1"; break; case 2: print "i equals 2"; break; default: print "i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2"; endswitch; ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="control-structures.declare"> <title><literal>declare</literal></title> <para> îáðä ä-<literal>declare</literal> îùîù ì÷áéòú äåøàú äôòìä ìâáé áìå÷ îñåééí. äúçáéø ãåîä ìúçáéø ùì îáðé-á÷øä àçøéí: <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ declare (directive) statement ]]> </programlisting> </informalexample> </para> <para> çì÷ ä-<literal>directive</literal> (äåøàä) îàôùø àú ÷áéòú äúðäâåú áìå÷ ä-<literal>declare</literal>. ìòú òúä, ääåøàä äéçéãä ù÷ééîú äéà äåøàú ä-<literal>ticks</literal>. (÷øàå áäîùê ìîéãò ðåñó òì äåøàú <link linkend="control-structures.declare.ticks">ticks</link> åúçáéøä) </para> <para> çì÷ ä-<literal>statement</literal> áô÷åãú <literal>declare</literal> äåà ô÷åãä àå áìå÷ ùì ô÷åãåú ùéåøöå. ôøîèø ä-<literal>directive</literal> é÷áò àú àåôï ääøöä ùì äô÷åãåú åúåôòåú ðåñôåú ùîúìååú ìäøöúå. </para> <sect2 id="control-structures.declare.ticks"> <title>Ticks</title> <para> àøåò ä-ticks îúøçù ëì <replaceable>N</replaceable> ôòîéí ùøöä ô÷åãä áøîä äðîåëä (low-level) òì-éãé äîôøù ááìå÷ ùäåâãø ìëê áô÷åãú <literal>declare</literal>. äòøê ùì <replaceable>N</replaceable> äåà ôøîèø ùîåòáø ìô÷åãú ä-<literal>declare</literal> òì-éãé äåøàä áöåøú <literal>ticks=<replaceable>N</replaceable></literal>. </para> <para> äôòåìåú ùéúáöòå áò÷áåú ëì àøåò tick é÷áòå òì-éãé äôåð÷öéä <function>register_tick_function</function>. ÷øàå áãåâîä äáàä ìîéãò ðåñó. ùéîå ìá ìëê ùàôùø ìáöò éåúø îàéøåò àçã ìëì tick. </para> <para> <example> <title>ðéúåç ùì ÷åã PHP</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <pre> <?php // A function that records the time when it is called function profile ($dump = FALSE) { static $profile; // Return the times stored in profile, then erase it if ($dump) { $temp = $profile; unset ($profile); return ($temp); } $profile[] = microtime (); } // Set up a tick handler register_tick_function("profile"); // Initialize the function before the declare block profile (); // Run a block of code, throw a tick every 2nd statement declare (ticks=2) { for ($x = 1; $x < 50; ++$x) { echo similar_text (md5($x), md5($x*$x)), "<br>"; } } // Display the data stored in the profiler print_r (profile (TRUE)); ?> </pre> ]]> </programlisting> </example> äãåâîä áòöí îðúçú àú ä÷åã äîåâãø ááìå÷ á-'declare' òì-éãé ä÷ìèú äæîï ìàçø ëì äøöú ëì ô÷åãä ùðééä áøîä äðîåëä. îéãò æä éëåì ìùîù ìöåøê áãé÷ú îäéøåú äáéöåò áàéæåøéí ùåðéí á÷åã îñåééí. ðéúï ìáöò úäìéê ëæä âí áùéèåú àçøåú àê äùéîåù á-ticks äåà äðåç áéåúø ìäùîä. </para> <simpara> äåøàú ticks îéåòãú ìðéôåé ùâéàåú, éùåí øéáåé îùéîåú ôùåè, áéöåò îèìåú ôìè\÷ìè áø÷ò åòåã äîåï îùéîåú àçøåú. </simpara> <simpara> ÷øàå âí òì ôåð÷öéåú<function>register_tick_function</function> å- <function>unregister_tick_function</function>. </simpara> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.return"> <title>return</title> <simpara> àí îúáöòú ÷øéàä ìô÷åãä æå îúåê ôåð÷öéä, ô÷åãú ä-<function>return</function> úòöåø îééã àú äøöú äôåð÷öéä äðåëçéú åúçæéø àú äòøê ùäåòáø ìä ëòøê äúåöàä ùì äôåð÷öéä. ô÷åãú <function>return</function> úòöåø âí áéöåò ùì ô÷åãú <function>eval</function> áñ÷øéôè. </simpara> <simpara> àí îúáöòú ÷øéàä ìôåð÷öéä æå îúåê äîáðä äøàùé ùì äñ÷øéôè, äøöú äñ÷øéôè úñúééí. àí ä÷øéôè äðåëçé äåôòì òì-éãé ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àå <function>require</function>, øéöú äñ÷øéôè äðåëçé úñúééí åäñ÷øéôè äî÷åøé éîùéê îäð÷åãä áä äôñé÷. áðåñó, òøê ä-<function>return</function> éåçæø ëòøëä ùì ôåð÷öééú ä-<function>include</function>. àí ä÷øéàä ì-<function>return</function> äúáöòä îäñ÷øéôè äøàùé, áéöåòå éôñ÷. àí äñ÷øéôè äðåëçé äåâãø áàåôöééú <link linkend="ini.auto-prepend-file">auto_prepend_file</link> àå <link linkend="ini.auto-append-file">auto_append_file</link> á<link linkend="configuration.file">÷åáõ ääâãøåú</link>, øéöú äñ÷øéôè úéòöø. </simpara> <simpara>ìîéãò ðåñó éù ìòééï á<link linkend="functions.returning-values">äçæøú òøëéí</link>. </simpara> <note> <simpara> ùéí ìá ù-<function>return</function> äéà îáðä ùì äùôä åìà ôåð÷öéä åìëï äñåâøééí äî÷éôéí àú äáéèåé äîåçæø <emphasis>ìà</emphasis> äëøçééí ìîòùä åéåúø î÷åáì ìäùîéèí àê æä îîù ìà îùðä ãáø. </simpara> </note> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.require"> <title><function>require</function></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>require</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. </simpara> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>require</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äñáø îôåøè ìâáé àåôï ôòåìú äñéôåç ðéúï ìîöåà áúéòåã äôåð÷öéä <function>include</function>. </simpara> <simpara> äô÷åãåú <function>require</function> å-<function>include</function> æäåú áëì îåáï çåõ îàùø äàåôï áå äï îèôìåú áùâéàåú àå áçåñø äöìçä áñéôåç ä÷åáõ. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-warning">àæäøä</link> áòåã ùô÷åãú <function>require</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-error"> Fatal Error</link> - ùâéàä ùúâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè. àí áøöåðê ìîðåò àú øéöú äñ÷øéôè áî÷øä ù÷åáõ ìà ðîöà, éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require</function>. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àéðä îúðäâú áàåôï ëæä.ëîå ëï, îåîìõ ì÷áåò àú òøëå ùì <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ãåâîä áñéñéú ùì <function>require</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php require 'prepend.php'; require $somefile; require ('somefile.txt'); ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> éù ìòééï áúéòåã äô÷åãä <function>include</function> ìãåâîàåú ðåñôåú. </simpara> <note> <simpara> áâøñú PHP 4.0.2 åîèä, ô÷åãú <function>require</function> úðñä ì÷øåà àú ÷åáõ äîèøä ùìä âí àí äéà ìà îâéòä ìòåìí ìéãé øéöä áñ÷øéôè. îùôè äúðééä ìà éùôéò òì <function>require</function> àê àí äùåøä áä îåôéòä ô÷åãú <function>require</function> ìà úåøõ, âí ä÷åã ùîëéì ä-<function>require</function> ìà éåøõ. âí <function>require</function> ùîåøõ îñôø ôòîéí îúåê ìåìàä éúðäâ áöåøä æää. àåìí ä÷åã òöîå éåøõ îñôø ôòîéí áìåìàä àê ôòåìú äñéôåç úúøçù ôòí àçú áìáã. </simpara> </note> <simpara> ìîéãò ðåñó,éù ìòééï âí áúéòåã ùì <function>include</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>eval</function>, <function>file</function>, <function>readfile</function>, <function>virtual</function> u- <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.include"> <title><function>include</function></title> <simpara> ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. </simpara> <simpara> äô÷åãåú <function>require</function> å-<function>include</function> æäåú áëì îåáï çåõ îàùø äàåôï áå äï îèôìåú áùâéàåú àå áçåñø äöìçä áñéôåç ä÷åáõ. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-warning">àæäøä</link> áòåã ùô÷åãú <function>require</function> îééöøú <link linkend="internal.e-error"> Fatal Error</link> - ùâéàä ùúâøåí ìòöéøú äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè. àí áøöåðê ìîðåò àú øéöú äñ÷øéôè áî÷øä ù÷åáõ ìà ðîöà, éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require</function>. ô÷åãú <function>include</function> àéðä îúðäâú áàåôï ëæä.ëîå ëï, îåîìõ ì÷áåò àú òøëå ùì <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> <simpara> ëàùø ÷åáõ îñåôç áòæøú include äåà éåøù àú <link linkend="language.variables.scope">îòøê äîùúðéí</link> áøâò äñéôåç. ëìåîø, ëì îùúðä ùäéä æîéï áñ÷øéôè äøàùé áð÷åãú äñéôåç, éäé æîéï áúçéìú ÷åã ä-include âí ëï. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ãåâîä áñéñéú ì-<function>include</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ vars.php <?php $color = 'green'; $fruit = 'apple'; ?> test.php <?php echo "A $color $fruit"; // A include 'vars.php'; echo "A $color $fruit"; // A green apple ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> àí äñéôåç îúáöò îúåê ôåð÷öéä áñ÷øéôè äøàùé, ëì ä÷åã äîåëì éúðäâ ëàéìå äåà çì÷ îäôåð÷öéä òöîä ëê ùäåà ééøù àú îòøê äîùúðéí ùì äôåð÷öéä áìáã. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ñéôåç îúåê ôåð÷öéä</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php function foo() { global $color; include 'vars.php'; echo "A $color $fruit"; } /* vars.inc is in the scope of foo() so * * $fruit is NOT available outside of this * * scope. $color is because we declared it * * as global. */ foo(); // A green apple echo "A $color $fruit"; // A green ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> ëàùø ÷åáõ îñåôç, äîôøù éåöà î"îöá "PHP åòåáø ì"îöá "HTML áúçéìú ä÷åáõ. ëôåòì éåöà, ëì ÷åã îñåôç öøéê ìäéåú á<link linkend="language.basic-syntax.phpmode">úâéåú ôúéçä åñâéøä ú÷ðéåú</link>. </simpara> <simpara> àí îàåôùøú àåôöééú "<link linkend="ini.allow-url-fopen"> URL fopen wrappers</link>" (ùäéà áøéøú îçãì áäâãøåú), éù áàôùøåúéðå ìöééï ÷éùåø HTTP áî÷åí ùí ÷åáõ î÷åîé. àí ùøú äîèøä îôøù ÷áöé PHP, úéúëï äòáøú îùúðéí ì÷éùåø áùéèú HTTP GET. æä ùåðä áî÷öú îñéôåç ùì ÷åáõ î÷åîé äéåøù àú äîùúðéí îäñ÷øéôè äøàùé. äñ÷øéôè äîøåç÷ áòöí îåøõ åúåöàúå îñåôçú ìñ÷øéôè äî÷åîé. </simpara> <para> <example> <title>ùéîåù á-<function>include</function> ãøê HTTP</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php /* This example assumes that www.example.com is configured to parse .php * * files and not .txt files. Also, 'Works' here means that the variables * * $foo and $bar are available within the included file. */ // Won't work; file.txt wasn't handled by www.example.com as PHP include 'http://www.example.com/file.txt?foo=1&bar=2'; // Won't work; looks for a file named 'file.php?foo=1&bar=2' on the // local filesystem. include 'file.php?foo=1&bar=2'; // Works. include 'http://www.example.com/file.php?foo=1&bar=2'; $foo = 1; $bar = 2; include 'file.txt'; // Works. include 'file.php'; // Works. ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> éù ìòééï âí áôø÷éí òì <link linkend="features.remote-files">÷áöéí îøåç÷éí</link>, <function>fopen</function> å- <function>file</function> ìîéãò ðåñó áðåùà. </para> <para> îàçø åäô÷åãåú <function>include</function> å-<function>require</function> äï îáðä îéåçã áùôä, çåáä ìòèåó àåúï áñåâøééí îñåìñìéí ëàùø øåöéí ìäúðåú àú áéöåòï. </para> <para> <example> <title>äúðééä ùì ô÷åãú include()</title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ <?php // This is WRONG and will not work as desired. if ($condition) include $file; else include $other; // This is CORRECT. if ($condition) { include $file; } else { include $other; } ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> ðéúï ìäôòéì ô÷åãú return îúåê ÷åáõ îñåôç áîèøä ì÷èåò àú äñéôåç åìäçæéø àú äùìéèä ìñ÷øéôè ä÷åøà. ëîå ëï, ðéúï ìäçæéø îéãò î÷åáõ îñåôç åìäùúîù áîéãò áãåîä ìùéîåù áôåð÷öéä øâéìä. </simpara> <note> <simpara> áâøñä 3 ùì PHP ìà úéúëï ÷øéàä ì-<function>return</function> àìà îúåê ôåð÷öéä áìáã åìà îúéåê ÷åáõ øàùé àå ÷åáõ îñåôç. </simpara> </note> <para> <example> <title>ô÷åãåú <function>include</function> å-<function>return</function></title> <programlisting role="php"> <![CDATA[ return.php <?php $var = 'PHP'; return $var; ?> noreturn.php <?php $var = 'PHP'; ?> testreturns.php <?php $foo = include 'return.php'; echo $foo; // prints 'PHP' $bar = include 'noreturn.php'; echo $bar; // prints 1 ?> ]]> </programlisting> </example> </para> <simpara> äîùúðä <literal>$bar</literal> é÷áì àú äòøê <literal>1</literal> ëé äñéôåç äúáöò áäöìçä. ùéîå ìá ìäáãì áéï äãåâîàåú ä÷åãîåú. äøàùåðä îùúîùú áô÷åãú <function>return</function> î÷åáõ îñåôç åäùðééä - ìà. ãøëéí ðåñôåú ìñéôåç ÷åáõ ìúåê îùúðéí ðéúï ìîîù úåê ùéîåù á- <function>fopen</function>, <function>file</function> àå úåê ùéîåù á-<function>include</function> áùéìåá òí <link linkend="ref.outcontrol">ôåð÷öéåú ìùìéèä áôìè</link>. </simpara> <simpara> òééï âí áôø÷éí òì <function>require</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>readfile</function>, <function>virtual</function> å- <link linkend="ini.include-path">include_path</link>. </simpara> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.require-once"> <title><function>require_once</function></title> <para> ô÷åãú <function>require_once</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äéúðäâåúä æää ìô÷åãú <function>require</function> òí äáãì éçéã ùîúáèà áëê ùàí ÷åã î÷åáõ îñåééí ëáø ñåôç áîäìê äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè, äåà ìà éñåôç ôòí ðåñôú. éù ìòééï áúéòåã ùì ô÷åãú <function>require</function> ìîéãò ðåñó òì àåôï äôòåìä ùì ô÷åãä æå. </para> <para> éù ìäùúîù á-<function>require_once</function> áî÷øéí áäí éúëï ñéôåçå ùì ÷åáõ îñåééí îñôø ôòîéí äîäìê äøéöä åéù öåøê ìîðåò ñéôåç ëôåì ëãé ìîðåò äâãøä îçåãùú ùì ôåð÷öéåú åîùúðéí ùåðéí. </para> <para> ãåâîä ìùéîåù á-<function>require_once</function> å- <function>include_once</function> ðéúï ìîöåà á÷åã ùì <ulink url="&url.php.pear;">PEAR</ulink> ùîöåøó ìâøñú PHP äàçøåðä. </para> <note> <para> äôåð÷öéä <function>require_once</function> ðåñôä ø÷ áâøñú PHP 4.0.1pl2 </para> </note> <para> îéãò ðåñó ðéúï ìîöåà áôø÷éí: <function>require</function>, <function>include</function>, <function>include_once</function>, <function>get_required_files</function>, <function>get_included_files</function>, <function>readfile</function>, å- <function>virtual</function>. </para> </sect1> <sect1 id="function.include-once"> <title><function>include_once</function></title> <para> ô÷åãú <function>include_once</function> îñôçú åîøéöä àå îòøéëä ÷åáõ îñåééí. äéúðäâåúä æää ìô÷åãú <function>include</function> òí äáãì éçéã ùîúáèà áëê ùàí ÷åã î÷åáõ îñåééí ëáø ñåôç áîäìê äøéöä ùì äñ÷øéôè, äåà ìà éñåôç ôòí ðåñôú. éù ìòééï áúéòåã ùì ô÷åãú <function>include</function> ìîéãò ðåñó òì àåôï äôòåìä ùì ô÷åãä æå. </para> <para> éù ìäùúîù á-<function>include_once</function> áî÷øéí áäí éúëï ñéôåçå ùì ÷åáõ îñåééí îñôø ôòîéí äîäìê äøéöä åéù öåøê ìîðåò ñéôåç ëôåì ëãé ìîðåò äâãøä îçåãùú ùì ôåð÷öéåú åîùúðéí ùåðéí. </para> <para> ãåâîä ìùéîåù á-<function>require_once</function> å- <function>include_once</function> ðéúï ìîöåà á÷åã ùì <ulink url="&url.php.pear;">PEAR</ulink> ùîöåøó ìâøñú PHP äàçøåðä. </para> <note> <para> äôåð÷öéä <function>include_once</function> ðåñôä ø÷ áâøñú PHP 4.0.1pl2 </para> </note> <para> îéãò ðåñó ðéúï ìîöåà áôø÷éí: <function>include</function>, <function>require</function>, <function>require_once</function>, <function>get_required_files</function>, <function>get_included_files</function>, <function>readfile</function>, å-<function>virtual</function>. </para> </sect1> </chapter> <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file Local variables: mode: sgml sgml-omittag:t sgml-shorttag:t sgml-minimize-attributes:nil sgml-always-quote-attributes:t sgml-indent-step:1 sgml-indent-data:t indent-tabs-mode:nil sgml-parent-document:nil sgml-default-dtd-file:"../../manual.ced" sgml-exposed-tags:nil sgml-local-catalogs:nil sgml-local-ecat-files:nil End: vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml vi: ts=1 sw=1 -->