note 72232 added to keyword.extends

multiple inheritance has been a constant concern for me (and several others) and i found that if you declare the class's members and methods as protected, several benefits arise: - the members and methods are only accessible internally from the current and inherited class's methods. - any non-overloaded members and methods of a parent are accessible to the entire depth of children - overloading of members and methods are normal for any depth of children + prevents name clashing because it tells PHP which order to overload identically named members and methods <?php class A { protected $a = 'im a'; protected function getMe() { return $this->a."\n"; } public function __construct() { echo $this->getMe(); } } class B extends A { protected $b = 'im b'; protected function getMe() { return $this->b.' ... '.$this->a."\n"; } public function __construct() { echo $this->getMe(); } } class C extends B { protected $c = 'im c'; protected function getMe() { return $this->c.' ... '.$this->b.' ... '.$this->a."\n"; } public function __construct() { echo $this->getMe(); } } class D extends C { protected $d = 'im d'; protected function getMe() { return $this->d.' ... '.$this->c.' ... '.$this->b.' ... '.$this->a."\n"; } public function __construct() { echo $this->getMe(); } } $mya = new A; $myb = new B; $myc = new C; $myc = new D; ?> this prints the following w/o error: im a im b ... im a im c ... im b ... im a im d ... im c ... im b ... im a in summary, the "protected" declaration keeps whats private private and whats supposed to be public public and allows similar functionality of multiple inheritance -- though not as easily as C++'s , (comma) but still present for those in need. ---- Server IP: 64.71.164.2 Probable Submitter: 69.38.98.49 ---- Manual Page -- http://www.php.net/manual/en/keyword.extends.php Edit -- https://master.php.net/note/edit/72232 Del: integrated -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/integrated Del: useless -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/useless Del: bad code -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/bad+code Del: spam -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/spam Del: non-english -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/non-english Del: in docs -- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232/in+docs Del: other reasons-- https://master.php.net/note/delete/72232 Reject -- https://master.php.net/note/reject/72232 Search -- https://master.php.net/manage/user-notes.php