[php-src] PR #25349: Fix stack overflow in filter_var() and filter_var_array()

Pull Request: https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/25349 Author: eyupcanakman filter_var() and filter_var_array() walk array input with php_zval_filter_recursive(), which goes one C call deeper per nesting level without checking the stack limit. On a Linux release build with an 8 MB stack, an array nested 100000 levels deep segfaults. The helper now checks the stack limit the same way the recursive functions in ext/standard do. Once an exception is pending, its loop over the array elements and the key loop in php_filter_array_handler() stop, so a second deep entry does not throw again and chain another Error. Stopping the key loop matches PHP-8.5, which already returns there. One visible effect on 8.4 is that a later key's error no longer wraps an exception thrown by an earlier key's callback. Deep enough arrays can still crash when they are freed (GH-15869), and on a Linux debug build that happens first. No issue was filed for it.